2010年 1月の記事一覧
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日本航空の株券がついに紙くず同然になってしまった。政治のしがらみを考えないで、日本航空の問題点を戦略面から考えると、安易な事業拡張がいかに危険かを示している。景気が悪化すると、企業はコスト削減を最重要課題にあげる。しかし、商品数あるいは得意先数を減らすことは、なかなかできない。商品と得意先は多いほうがよいという考え方を捨てることができない。多少、効率が落ちても、商品の数は少ないよりも多いほうがよい。そうすれば、取引先も増え、買ってくれる消費者も増える。その結果、商品や得意先の数を減らす戦略には、大変な抵抗感がある。市場シェアとは、市場のカバレッジと店内シェアの平均の掛け算である。事業構造によっては、市場カバレッジよりも、カバーしている小売店の店内シェアが高いほうが、結果として、市場シェアが高い場合が多い。旅行会社を小売店、北米航路のような路線を商品と考えると、日本航空の現状が理解できる。(Written by Shigeo Sunahara of CBC, Inc.)
No. 41: On market share (January 25, 2010)
Japan Airlines’ certificates decreased the value drastically, and they are now like scratch paper. Without regard to art and intrigue involved in the political world, the Japan Airlines case illustrates from the strategic viewpoint how dangerous it is to expand business without careful consideration. When economy becomes depressed, companies usually place the highest important on cost reduction, and they are very hesitant to decrease the number of products and customers. That is, they can hardly abandon the ideal that the more the products and customers they have, the better business results they can achieve. They stick around the idea of selling a large number of products at the sacrifice of decreasing efficiency because they believe that growing number of products lead direct to an increasing number of customers and consumers. Therefore, every company has to overcome the resistance against decreasing the number of products and customers. Market share is the multiplication of market coverage and the average of in-house shares. Companies generally can get a higher market share by increasing the in-house share instead of the market coverage, though it depends in which industry they are. If you regard travel agencies as retailers and air routes like the North American air route as products, you can easily understand the current situation of Japan Airlines. Travel agencies naturally prefer to sell tickets most profitable to them.
No. 41: On market share (January 25, 2010)
Japan Airlines’ certificates decreased the value drastically, and they are now like scratch paper. Without regard to art and intrigue involved in the political world, the Japan Airlines case illustrates from the strategic viewpoint how dangerous it is to expand business without careful consideration. When economy becomes depressed, companies usually place the highest important on cost reduction, and they are very hesitant to decrease the number of products and customers. That is, they can hardly abandon the ideal that the more the products and customers they have, the better business results they can achieve. They stick around the idea of selling a large number of products at the sacrifice of decreasing efficiency because they believe that growing number of products lead direct to an increasing number of customers and consumers. Therefore, every company has to overcome the resistance against decreasing the number of products and customers. Market share is the multiplication of market coverage and the average of in-house shares. Companies generally can get a higher market share by increasing the in-house share instead of the market coverage, though it depends in which industry they are. If you regard travel agencies as retailers and air routes like the North American air route as products, you can easily understand the current situation of Japan Airlines. Travel agencies naturally prefer to sell tickets most profitable to them.
高級ブランド商品の業績が回復しない。日本人のブランド好きは、世界で有名であったのに、それも昔の話になりそうである。価値の伝達とは、価値の存在をターゲットとする顧客に知らせることで、広告が一番身近な方法といえる。しかし、価格もそれ自体、価値を伝達する手段である。日本人は、伝統的に高価な商品は、素晴らしい商品という価値観を共有している。つまり、高い価格は、品質保証の対価である。しかし、ブランド品のコストの内訳は30%から50%が、流通コスト、つまり輸入代理店のマージンである。しかも、ブランド商品の多くは、ライセンス契約なので、実際の製造は国内メーカーか、あるいはアジアの国である。消費者がこの現実に注目すれば、中国産であっても、高品質の商品を低価格で提供するユニクロの商品が売れるのは不思議ではない。もう、ブランド商品を安く作って売る時代は終わり、ブランド商品とは何かを再定義する時代になっている。 (Written by Shigeo Sunahara of CBC, Inc.)
No. 40: Cause of deceasing sales of brand products (January 18, 2010)
Sales of luxury brand products do not recover in Japan. Although Japanese are famous worldwide as brand-happy product people, but this famous generalization seems to be fading away. Communicating the value of a product is to let the target customers know its presence in the market. In this sense, advertising is the most familiar means of communication. However, prices themselves are also means to communicate the value of a product. Japanese traditionally share the value that expensive products are wonderful products of high quality. That is, customers pay high prices in compensation for high quality. However, the fact remains that 30%-50% of the cost of a brand product is distribution cost. To be more specific, it is the profit margin of the import agent. In addition, as many brand products are produced under a license agreement, they are produced by Japanese domestic companies or companies in Asia. If consumers pay more attention to these facts, it is quite natural that Uniqlo’s products, which are inexpensive products of high quality, are selling very fast even though they are produced in Asian countries. Now, you can say that the days to produce brand products at a low cost and sell them at a high price have gone. It is the time to redefine brand products.
No. 40: Cause of deceasing sales of brand products (January 18, 2010)
Sales of luxury brand products do not recover in Japan. Although Japanese are famous worldwide as brand-happy product people, but this famous generalization seems to be fading away. Communicating the value of a product is to let the target customers know its presence in the market. In this sense, advertising is the most familiar means of communication. However, prices themselves are also means to communicate the value of a product. Japanese traditionally share the value that expensive products are wonderful products of high quality. That is, customers pay high prices in compensation for high quality. However, the fact remains that 30%-50% of the cost of a brand product is distribution cost. To be more specific, it is the profit margin of the import agent. In addition, as many brand products are produced under a license agreement, they are produced by Japanese domestic companies or companies in Asia. If consumers pay more attention to these facts, it is quite natural that Uniqlo’s products, which are inexpensive products of high quality, are selling very fast even though they are produced in Asian countries. Now, you can say that the days to produce brand products at a low cost and sell them at a high price have gone. It is the time to redefine brand products.
旅行代理店が店舗統廃合でコストを削減し、ネット事業を強化している。JTBも近畿日本ツーリストも店舗リストラの真っ最中である。景気の停滞とインターネット予約へのシフトで、店頭販売が悪化したのが原因である。この動きは、消費者に、より広範囲な商品選択の自由を提供することが必要になったという視点から見れば、スーパーマーケットにおけるプライベート・ブランド商品の台頭と同じと考えることができる。つまり、流通業者にマージンを払うかわりに、自分が求める商品を、少しでも安く手に入れたいと考える消費者が増えているのに、それに対応する努力を怠ったメーカーと流通業者の怠慢ともいえる。もう、商品を山積みして、信じられないような値引きをして売る時代ではない。メーカーと流通業者主導の、伝統的マーケティング手法の転換期ともいえる。時代は、細分化した商品を、標的とする消費者に、ピンポイントにマーケティングする時代になっている。 (Written by Shigeo Sunahara of CBC, Inc.)
No. 39: Turning point of the traditional marketing approach (January 12, 2010)
Travel agencies are busily integrating their shops for cost reduction and trying to increase sales via the Internet. JTB and Kinki Nippon Tourist are in the middle of reorganizing their shops. Over-the-counter sales of travel products decreased because of the current stagnant economic condition and increasing sales via the Internet. The dwindling over-the-counter sales of travel products can be seen as the same trend of increasing sales of private brands in supermarkets from the viewpoint that it has become necessary to provide consumers with more options for product selection. That is, an increasing number of consumers wish to make a good purchase instead of paying lots of margin to distributors, but neither makers nor distributors have been successful in coping with this consumers’ latent desire. It is no longer a good idea to pile up products and sell them at an increasable discount under the bombastic banner saying “Big Sales” of “Last Chance.” It is the time to change the traditional marketing approach driven by makers and distributors, and it has become vital to sell segmentalized products precisely to their target consumers who have been given a wider range of selections.
No. 39: Turning point of the traditional marketing approach (January 12, 2010)
Travel agencies are busily integrating their shops for cost reduction and trying to increase sales via the Internet. JTB and Kinki Nippon Tourist are in the middle of reorganizing their shops. Over-the-counter sales of travel products decreased because of the current stagnant economic condition and increasing sales via the Internet. The dwindling over-the-counter sales of travel products can be seen as the same trend of increasing sales of private brands in supermarkets from the viewpoint that it has become necessary to provide consumers with more options for product selection. That is, an increasing number of consumers wish to make a good purchase instead of paying lots of margin to distributors, but neither makers nor distributors have been successful in coping with this consumers’ latent desire. It is no longer a good idea to pile up products and sell them at an increasable discount under the bombastic banner saying “Big Sales” of “Last Chance.” It is the time to change the traditional marketing approach driven by makers and distributors, and it has become vital to sell segmentalized products precisely to their target consumers who have been given a wider range of selections.
凝った名前のビールが広告業界の目玉となっていると思ったら、新年早々、アサヒビールがデンマークのカールスバーグと海外販売で提携すると発表した。どんなに内需を拡大しても、アルコールを飲まない消費者にビールを飲ますことはできない。凝った名前の新ブランドを導入しても、ブランドスイッチが起きるだけで、全体の販売量が伸びないのは自明の理である。もう、国内市場でシェア争いをしている時代ではない。かつて地ビールがもてはやされた時代があった。ブームにのって、ご当地ビールが次々と発売されたが、遠い過去の出来事になってしまった。どんなに情緒的になっても、戦いは非情である。強いものが勝ち、弱いものは負ける。そして、フラッグシップを持たない企業は淘汰されていく。日本人にしか理解できない、日本語の微妙なニュアンスを含むブランド名を考えるよりも、世界に通用するブランド名で、世界市場で陣地を広げるのが理にかなった戦略である。 (Written by Shigeo Sunahara of CBC, Inc.)
Beers carrying an elaborate name have been dominant in the advertising industry lately. However, Asahi Breweries has shown a new direction by announcing that it concluded an agreement with Carlsberg of Denmark to ally on sales in the foreign market. It is totally impossible to let consumers who dislike alcohol drink beer however hard the government tries to expand the domestic consumption. It is obvious that introducing new brands carrying fancy names ends in brand switching, and total sales remains the same. It is no longer the days to complete for share in the domestic market. There used to be the days when local beers were put on the market one after another. Taking advantage of the boom, many municipalities introduced local beers, few of which are on the market now. Competition is always ruthless how much consumers place an emotional aspect on it. The strong wins, and the weak loses. No company can survive in the market without a flagship. Instead of creating a brand name based on a subtle nuance of the Japanese language intelligible only to the Japanese people, it should be an ideal strategy to increase the presence of a product carrying a globally acceptable brand name in the world market.
Beers carrying an elaborate name have been dominant in the advertising industry lately. However, Asahi Breweries has shown a new direction by announcing that it concluded an agreement with Carlsberg of Denmark to ally on sales in the foreign market. It is totally impossible to let consumers who dislike alcohol drink beer however hard the government tries to expand the domestic consumption. It is obvious that introducing new brands carrying fancy names ends in brand switching, and total sales remains the same. It is no longer the days to complete for share in the domestic market. There used to be the days when local beers were put on the market one after another. Taking advantage of the boom, many municipalities introduced local beers, few of which are on the market now. Competition is always ruthless how much consumers place an emotional aspect on it. The strong wins, and the weak loses. No company can survive in the market without a flagship. Instead of creating a brand name based on a subtle nuance of the Japanese language intelligible only to the Japanese people, it should be an ideal strategy to increase the presence of a product carrying a globally acceptable brand name in the world market.
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